@Article{BezerraDVSBMCMCF:2021:NeAtTu,
               author = "Bezerra, Val{\'e}ria L. and Dias J{\'u}nior, Cl{\'e}o Quaresma 
                         and Vale, Roseilson S. and Santana, Raoni A. and Bot{\'{\i}}a, 
                         Santiago and Manzi, Antonio Ocimar and Cohen, Julia C. P. and 
                         Martins, Hardiney S. and Chamecki, Marcelo and Fuentes, Jose D.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz{\^o}nia (INPA)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz{\^o}nia (INPA)} and 
                         {Instituto Federal do Par{\'a} (IFPA)} and {Instituto Federal do 
                         Par{\'a} (IFPA)} and {Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry} 
                         and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal do Par{\'a} (UFPA)} and {Instituto Federal 
                         do Par{\'a} (IFPA)} and {University of California} and {The 
                         Pennsylvania State University}",
                title = "Near-surface atmospheric turbulence in the presence of a squall 
                         line above a forested and deforested region in the central 
                         amazon",
              journal = "Atmosphere",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "12",
               number = "4",
                pages = "e461",
                month = "Apr.",
             abstract = "Squall lines (SLs) are convective systems that cause heavy 
                         precipitation and consequently modify the atmospheric 
                         thermodynamic structure near the surface. SLs generated along the 
                         northern coast of Brazil and their effect upon atmospheric 
                         structure during their westward displacement into the Amazon are 
                         studied. Satellite imagery was employed to identify an SL above 
                         two experimental sites in the central Amazon and to characterize 
                         differences in the near-surface turbulent and ozone exchange 
                         during the passage of the SLs. The two sites, which are separated 
                         by about 100 km, feature contrasting vegetation. One site is tall 
                         canopy rainforest and the other is deforested. From our case 
                         study, it is noted that: equivalent potential temperature 
                         significantly drops, principally in the forested region; the 
                         average near-surface wind speed increases 5 fold; the skewness of 
                         vertical wind velocity becomes considerably negative; significant 
                         increases in turbulence intensity are observed. These changes 
                         suggest the presence of strong downdrafts generated by the SL. 
                         Shear production and dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy 
                         are considerably larger during the SL when compared to periods 
                         with absence of SL. In this study, we show that SLs are capable of 
                         modifying the vertical organization of the turbulence over 
                         forested and deforested areas, leading to changes in certain 
                         chemical processes that occur near the surface. To the best of our 
                         knowledge, this study represents a first in demonstrating that 
                         near-surface turbulent flow in the Amazon region is modified by 
                         the presence of SLs.",
                  doi = "10.3390/atmos12040461",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040461",
                 issn = "2073-4433",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "atmosphere-12-00461.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}